Fish Peptide Extracts: Bioactivity, Composition, and Industrial Applications
Title: Fish Peptide Extracts: Bioactivity, Composition, and Industrial Applications Abstract: Fish peptide extracts, derived via enzymatic hydrolysis, exhibit potent antioxidant, antihypertensive, and immunomodulatory bioactivities. Comprising 2-20 amino acid sequences, they offer superior bioavailability over intact proteins. The global market, valued at USD 1.2 billion in 2023, is projected to grow at 8.5% CAGR through 2030, driven by nutraceutical and cosmeceutical demand. Leading brands (e.g., Naticol®) emphasize low molecular weight (<3 kDa) and high purity (>90%) for efficacy. Key advantages include rapid absorption and hypoallergenicity; limitations involve bitter taste and thermal instability. Regulatory compliance (FDA GRAS, EU Novel Food) and third-party certifications (HACCP, ISO 22000) are critical for market entry. Selection criteria prioritize peptide profile, solubility, and heavy metal testing. Cold-chain logistics (<4°C) preserve bioactivity. Industry trends highlight personalized nutrition and sustainable sourcing.